DRd - Desenvolvimento Regional em debate
A DRd - Revista Desenvolvimento Regional em debate (ISSNe: 2237-9029) é um veículo de divulgação científica do Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento Regional (PPGDR), com sede no Campus Canoinhas, da Universidade do Contestado, tendo seu primeiro número sido editado em dezembro de 2011. Qualis Capes (Quadriênio 2017-2020): A2 Estamos no Instagram! Siga-nos em @editoraunc e @ppgdr_unc
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Renewable energy generation clusters for the brazilian sugar-energy sector
The sugarcane-energy sector is crucial to Brazil's sustainable development, among other reasons, due to the environmental benefits generated, especially in renewable energy generation. To address the challenges facing this sector, this study aimed to spatially group sugarcane-energy plants using the Skater clustering methodology and, thus, propose an industrial cluster policy for the industry. To this end, data on electricity generation from sugarcane bagasse in Brazil were used, as well as data on the location of universities and research centers linked to the sector, the distances between plants and power transmission substations, and other variables representing the logistics of the sugarcane-energy sector. As a result, the optimal number of clusters was estimated at seven. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the largest clusters, in terms of number of companies, encompass the traditional sugarcane-producing regions, where most sugarcane-energy companies are located. These larger clusters are in: a) the southern region, the western part of the southeastern region, and the south of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul; b) the eastern part of the southeastern region; c) the coast of the northeastern region. The remaining clusters are distributed throughout the rest of Brazil but are equally important from an economic and technological perspective, despite having a smaller number of companies. Some bottlenecks regarding technological modernization, logistics, and energy dispatch have been identified. Therefore, clustering is important for solving sector problems by considering the diverse regional characteristics. Keywords: spatial cluster; bioenergy; sustainable development; energy policy.
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Staple theory and regional inequality in the Contestado Region of Santa Catarina: external integration and primary production
This article aims to present theoretical conceptions that explain the economic growth and development of the Contestado region, located in the state of Santa Catarina, based on the dynamics of interregional and international exports. The study is grounded in a literature review on development theories and regional characteristics, as well as the use of secondary data to assess regional economic performance. The analysis is guided by the Staple Theory, formulated in the Canadian context, which proposes a model of economic growth led by the export of primary goods. This theory seeks to understand how regional endowments of natural resources generate external demand, influence export dependency, and trigger production linkages and technological changes. In the Contestado region, timber exploitation and animal protein production remain key economic pillars. However, challenges related to the unequal distribution of wealth and political power persist. It is concluded that interregional trade holds equivalent weight to international exports in the local economic dynamics: in 2018, 37% of Santa Catarina’s processed meat demand was destined for international markets, and 30% for other Brazilian states. In the wood, furniture, and paper sector, 39% of the demand came from other regions of Brazil. Keywords: economic development; production chains; interregional trade; primary export model; territorial integration.
Dynamics of production systems and their implications in the pampa biome
Agricultural development changes the ecosystem with social, cultural, economic and environmental implications. These changes undergo constant evolution impacted by the dynamics in the development process. In view of this, the sustainability of agriculture in the municipality of Santo Antônio das Missões, RS, located in the Pampa Biome region, was researched. The first stage of the research was carried out through interviews with forty production units in the first half of 2020 and the second stage through online interviews, due to Covid 19, from September 2020 to April 2021. The study was also supported by thematic maps and secondary data. The evolution of agriculture, agroecological zoning, characterization of production systems were studied and action priorities were defined. As a result, seventeen types of production systems were characterized, thirteen family-based and four employer-based. The high numerical presence of family farming stands out, but extreme land concentration in grain production and beef cattle farming. There was a marked increase in soybean cultivation, a decrease in dairy activity and a significant reduction in beef cattle and sheep farming in the last ten years. Family livestock farmers and smallholders have difficulty reaching the level of social reproduction and growing types depend excessively on soybeans. Therefore, public authorities should prioritize family farmers in order to improve the level of social reproduction and develop strategies to reduce dependence on soy and impacts on the pampas biome. Keywords: family farming; regional development; sustainability.
Tax incentives and fiscal balance in the municipalities of the Governador Valadares Microregion
This article analyzes the effects of federal tax incentives on the fiscal balance of municipalities, focusing on 25 local governments in the microregion of Governador Valadares between 2003 and 2021. A panel data model was applied to assess the relationship between the simultaneous occurrence of IPI, ICMS-export and PIS/COFINS exemptions and the Fiscal Balance Quotient (FBQ). The findings indicate that such incentives, when not accompanied by compensatory mechanisms, contribute to the deterioration of municipal budgetary balance. The research highlights that tax waiver policies, implemented without federative coordination, may restrict local fiscal capacity and compromise the provision of essential public services. It concludes that fiscal policy design must consider territorial impacts and include instruments that safeguard subnational fiscal sustainability Keywords: tax incentives; fiscal balance; municipal finance.
Public policies on bioeconomy in the brazilian state of Amazonas
This article examines the public policy landscape within the context of bioeconomy, focusing on the perspectives of key government institutions in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. It aims to understand the current situation and potential challenges related to implementing these policies. The research adopts a qualitative approach, based on interviews with representatives of state government agencies. The interviewees’ perceptions were analyzed using IRaMuTeQ software, which enabled the identification of word patterns and recurring themes. The results offer a broader view of the bioeconomy in Amazonas and support the hypothesis that, according to government agency representatives, public policies for bioeconomy in the state are insufficient to support the development of this sector. Keywords: Amazonas; public policies; economy; bioeconomy; IRaMuTeQ.
Clusters of municipalities in Santa Catarina in light of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Nearly a decade after the establishment of the United Nations' 2030 Agenda, its implementation remains uneven, particularly at the local level, and is still partially unknown among public managers, institutions, and civil society, even within the state of Santa Catarina. In this context, the objective of this study was to group the municipalities of Santa Catarina through cluster analysis, based on their performance in relation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations. The analysis employed Ward’s hierarchical clustering method, resulting in the formation of six relatively homogeneous clusters. An examination of the most densely populated clusters revealed significant variation in municipal scores, which prompted a qualitative deepening focused on SDG 11-Sustainable Cities and Communities. The findings contribute to the identification of patterns and discrepancies in municipal performance, offering support for strategic decision-making, including investment planning and the formulation of more effective and targeted public policies aimed at sustainability. A key limitation lies in the analysis being restricted to only two clusters and the exclusive focus on SDG 11. Furthermore, the study highlights that the adoption of nationally standardized indicators does not always align with the realities of small municipalities, thereby compromising the accuracy of measurements. Although Santa Catarina demonstrates overall progress toward the 2030 Agenda goals, significant challenges remain regarding the adequacy of indicators to local contexts and the capacity of small municipalities to effectively measure and implement actions toward sustainable development. Keywords: 2030 agenda. Sustainable Development Goals. SDG 11. cluster analysis. municipal development.
Do national cultures have to do with gender (in) equality at work? A comparison between Brazil and the United States of America
Although the relationships between gender and work are widely explored in the literature, they are not investigated with the same frequency by cross-cultural approaches, that is, through a perspective that considers the possible influences of national culture on individual values, attitudes, and behavior. This study aimed to verify, quantitatively, the differences between Brazilians and Americans regarding the understanding of gender inequalities at work, discussing such differences in light of the cultural characteristics of the countries compared. Data from 2,596 Americans and 1,762 Brazilians were submitted to statistical correlation and mean-comparison tests. The findings indicated that, in Brazil, there is a greater tendency to accept gender inequality at work, a result that proved to be compatible with sociodemographic characteristics and Brazilian cultural background, under the influence of patriarchy and high power distance, and American cultural background, characterized by the union of the people in search of equality and freedom for all. Keywords: social development; inequality in organizations; brazilian society; american society; cross-cultural study.
Application of the cane-sustainability method to assess the sustainability of the sugar-energetic sector in Goiás
The expansion of sugarcane cultivation, the development and modernization of the sugar-energy sector contributed to the strengthening of Brazilian agribusiness, cooperating with the growth of the country's economy. Environmental and social equity concerns have intensified, mainly because of the globalization of the market, which imposes greater demands on the production of commercialized products. Due to the socio-environmental awareness arising from this new global position, it is necessary to adjust agricultural or agro-industrial activities so that the entire production system has a positive impact on the environment and society. In this sense, the objective was to apply a method of evaluating the sustainability of the expansion and of the productive systems of the sugarcane culture in the State of Goiás. The methodology was based on the application of the Sustenta-Cana Method. In this way, subsidies are provided to create a picture of the sustainability of the sugarcane production system in the State. The results indicate that the sector occupies the “most sustainable” position in the Sustenta-Cana Index. It is concluded that the methods can be important tools in assessing the sustainability of the sugar-energy sector in Goiás, which means that the culture is moving along the lines of agricultural sustainability. Keywords: regional development; planning; environmental practices.
Analysis of family farmers’ motivations to use biofertilizers: a systematic literature review
This study aims to analyze scientific articles from the Scopus (Elsevier) and Web of Science (Clarivate) databases that address the motivations of family farming in adopting biofertilizers. The methodology applied was a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), using the Methodi Ordinatio (MO) protocol for the selection, ranking, and evaluation of studies. A total of 30 articles were analyzed, revealing three main dimensions of motivation: economic (cost reduction and increased profitability), ecological (environmental sustainability), and social (community influence and access to information). The main gaps identified in the literature include the lack of research on technology transfer, the scarcity of opinion studies with family farmers, and limited analysis of the social impacts of biofertilizer use. It is concluded that the adoption of this technology is driven by interconnected factors and that further academic investigation is needed to support public policies and sustainable practices. Keywords: decision making; family farming; biofertilizers; Methodi Ordination.
Industrial deconcentration and changes in employment in the metropolitan region of São Paulo: 1990 to 2022
This article analyzes the spatial transformations in employment within the Manufacturing Industry in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP) between 1990 and 2022. Using RAIS data for all 645 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, indicators of employment evolution and concentration were developed, alongside an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA), including maps by employment range and by industrial clusters (LISA). The results show a progressive reduction in both the absolute number and relative share of industrial employment in the RMSP, indicating a clear process of industrial deconcentration at multiple scales. A decrease in employment concentration across municipalities was also observed, with a noticeable shift of industrial clusters toward the interior of the state, particularly along the São Paulo-Campinas axis. Although more limited, the study also identified an interiorization of industrial activity toward more remote regions, usually located near major highways, suggesting a non-random and spatially selective pattern of deconcentration. These findings reinforce the hypothesis of a “concentrated deconcentration” of São Paulo’s industry and contribute to the debate on the territorial impacts of recent transformations in Brazil’s industrial sector. Keywords: deconcentrating; manufacturing industry; exploratory spatial data analysis (esda); metropolitan region of São Paulo.
Socio-productive characteristics of municipalities in Paraná state specialized in commercial swine production
The expansion of demand for pork, both in domestic and international markets, has boosted pork production in Brazil and the state of Paraná in recent years, making this activity important for the development of several regions. In this context, the aim of this article is to identify the socioeconomic and productive characteristics of municipalities specialized in commercial pig farming in Paraná. To this end, 30 variables collected by the 2017 Agricultural Census were extracted, covering all 399 municipalities in the state. The data were analyzed using the Location Quotient (LQ), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Cluster Analysis. The analysis identified 57 municipalities specialized in commercial pig production, located in eight mesoregions of the state. The Principal Component Analysis allowed the reduction of variables into two components, which together explained 66.45% of the total variance. Four productive clusters were identified; clusters 1 and 3 share the common characteristic of grouping municipalities where producers have high access to financing and are mostly members of cooperatives. However, the two groups differ regarding the importance of family farming in the activity. Keywords: family farming; productive clusters; agricultural census ; locational quotient ; swine production.
Financial management programs in family agriculture and sustainable development: a systematic review on rural extension
This paper is a systematic review of the financial management in farms. This review aims to gather and select articles discussing the implementation of projects and management qualification programs for farmers, which aim to manage the land and the production. The methodology used in this research is the search and assortment of papers, first on the basis Web of Science and further on Capes basis and Google Scholar. The search results brought 16 papers published between 2000 and 2023 and wrote by Brazilian authors. From the results was possible to identify four focuses of interest: the education level of the farmers; the tools, methods, and management techniques; accounting; costs; training and ATER. The main conclusion identifies a lack of management ability on the farms. This fact leads to the need for studies to investigate the causes of this deficit as well as the development of projects and programs to repair that. Keywords: management programs; technical assistance; family farming; sustainability.
Determinants of the location of biogas generators and their contributions to sustainable development objectives
This work aims to analyze the determinants of the location of biogas generators in Paraná, in order to verify the combination of criteria for the construction of these units and their contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), for which the logistic regression method was used. Of the 41 municipalities in the state that host biogas generating units, the results demonstrated that the variables related to the pig herd, rural electricity consumption and jobs in the agricultural sector were considered significant, with the pig herd being the most significant variable. The concentration of these units occurs especially in the West and Southwest regions, driven by cooperative models and a greater supply of raw materials. Although variables such as corn, soybean and milk production do not present statistical significance, their energy potential is recognized. Considering the data analyzed, it can be concluded that biogas becomes an important tool to promote energy self-sufficiency in rural areas, as it is directly linked to the SDGs, and that biogas systems have the potential to be an economic alternative in agricultural activity, converting an environmental liability into an economic asset. Keywords: regional development; energy sustainability; biogas; territorial dynamics; environmental liabilities.
Agroecology in agroforestry systems from the perspective of sustainable rural development in Pajeú
The construction of sustainable rural development in the brazilian Semiarid region poses the major challenge of adopting a concept of coexistence with the region. In view of this, the article investigated agroecological Family Agroforestry Systems in the context of the environment, farming families and society, in order to identify their strategic role in building this development in the rural environment of the Sertão do Pajeú micro-region in Pernambuco. Based on the research techniques of Fieldwork and Participatory Research associated with the applied scientific method, elements were revealed that made it possible to conclude that this construction involves a change in the production model and that the agroecological SAF presents itself as a sustainable technology that proves that it is possible to produce diversified food associated with the balanced use of natural resources and as a viable technology to reverse and reduce the majority of environmental problems within the production unit, revealing itself as an undeniable strategy to lead to sustainable rural development. Keywords: biodiversity; natural resources; family farming; rural communities.
Natural disasters and environmental perception: an analysis for Brazil and major brazilian regions
Natural disasters have been increasing in both number and monetary losses in Brazil in recent decades. On the other hand, Brazilians' environmental awareness has been little related to the occurrence of these disasters. Based on this, the objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between natural disasters and the population's perception of environmental issues in Brazil and in the five major Brazilian regions. For this, the Ordinary Least Squares Model (OLS) was used. Disasters classified as climatological were the most frequent, with emphasis on droughts and dry spells. The Northeast and South regions recorded the highest number of occurrences and monetary losses. This result helps to understand what the regressions show. Considering the national data, awareness of environmental issues is associated especially with the number of monetary losses suffered by disasters. The data aggregated by region, on the other hand, allow us to conclude that environmental awareness is more correlated with natural disasters in places where these disasters are more frequent, especially if they result in high monetary losses, as in the case of the South and Northeast. Keywords: natural disasters; environmental perception; monetary losses. Brazil; brazilian regions.
Proposal of a governance framework model for science and technology parks in Brazil
Science and Technology Parks (STPs) play a strategic role in strengthening innovation, competitiveness, and regional development by connecting public and private actors in collaborative environments for knowledge and technology generation. However, governance gaps persist in these environments in Brazil, limiting their potential to promote sustainable development and reduce territorial inequalities. This study proposes and evaluates a governance framework structured around five key axes: Strategic Governance, Governance Structures, Communication and Networking, Policies and Compliance, and Socio-environmental Responsibility. The methodology combined literature review, document analysis, and consultation with 54 experts from different Brazilian regions. The results show broad acceptance of the framework, with 88% of respondents highlighting its applicability, adaptability, and potential to improve management processes and institutional articulation. The study concludes that the framework contributes to aligning STP governance with public policies and regional development strategies. Keywords: governance; regional development; territorial innovation; public policies; regional innovation system.
Territory, heritage, and territorial development: correlations, dysfunctions and possible advances
The correlation between territory, heritage and territorial development, in general, is little examined. More common are distinct approaches that focus on one or another of these theoretical categories individually, requiring advances in a multidimensional and interdisciplinary perspective. The purpose of this text is to establish the main correlations between territory, heritage, and development, with a focus on the territorial planning process, highlighting dysfunctions and possible advances. In addition to mentioning its correlations, we focus on the main dysfunctions, moving forward, with the presentation of new perspectives, for example, a bioregional approach and the possibility of assuming territorial heritage as a reference in planning with a view to territorial development. It results from a review of the bibliography available in virtual repositories, from Brazilian universities and national and international scientific journals. Keywords: territory; territorial heritage; territorial approach; bioregional approach; territorial development.
Conditioners of family agricultural production in nordeste municipalities in the period 2006/2017
This study aims to analyze the constraints on the production value of temporary tasks in family farming in the Nordeste, with a breakdown between the semi-arid and non-semi-arid regions in the years 2006 and 2017. The data used comes from the Agricultural Censuses of 2006 and 2017, made available by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). To achieve the proposed objective, the multiple regression methodology was used with panel data, where the production value of temporary family farming tasks was used as the dependent variable. Explanatory variables included employed personnel, harvested area, dummies related to the intensity of technical guidance, crop guidance, presence of cooperatives and location of municipalities in semi-arid regions or not. The random effects model was the one that best fit the data. The results for the Nordeste, in general, indicated that all coefficients were statistically significant at the 1% level, with the exception of the dummy referring to the presence of cooperatives, which did not present statistical significance. Not with regard to semi-arid and non-semi-arid regions, the variables that developed the most positively for the value of production were the harvested area and crop rotations. Furthermore, crop rotation had a more significant impact on the value of production than technical assistance, both in the Nordeste as a whole and in the semi-arid region. Finally, the non-semi-arid region stood out as the most suitable northeastern location for adding value to the production of temporary tasks within the typology considered. The findings provide support for the formulation of more effective public policies aimed at valuing family farming by encouraging productive diversification and expanding cultivated areas based on sustainable practices. Keywords: family farming; regional development; nordeste municipalities; panel data.
Networking collaboration between educations and the promotion of environmental education
Environmental education is a widely discussed field that benefits from networking among institutions with common goals. The objective of this research is to present a teaching practice for environmental education that combines the participation of different institutions. This collaborative network proposal involves a municipal school, an agricultural research and rural extension company, and a city hall. The methodology included a literature review, a case study, a visit to a bioactive plant garden, and an analysis of the results. The case study began by addressing theoretical content in science, geography, and history courses for 4th-grade students. This was followed by a visit to the garden to complement learning, demonstrating the value of integrating theory and practice in environmental education. The collaborative network, which leveraged the expertise of each institution, had a positive impact on environmental education, promoting behavioral changes and strengthening sustainability awareness. Keywords: Environmental Education; Interdisciplinarity; Cooperation Networks; School Environment; Bioactive Plant Garden.
this The emblematic cuisine of Quarta Colônia, RS: territorial experiences from the basket of goods and services
This article presents the findings of a qualitative investigation conducted between 2019 and 2023 in the Quarta Colonia, a territory comprising nine municipalities affiliated with the Quarta Colônia Sustainable Development (CONDESUS), located in the Central Region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The main objective was to analyze the emblematic food of this territory using the theoretical and methodological approach of the Basket of Territorial Goods and Services (BTGS). For this purpose, a bibliography, documentary, and exploratory review was conducted, complemented by oral history: semi-structured interviews were carried out with fifteen families of Italian immigrant descendants residing in the region. Fourteen emblematic foods were identified as the main gastronomic assets of the territory, contributing to the enhancement of local tourism. Of these, nine of them exhibit greater touristic relevance: chicken risotto; breaded steak (beef or pork); agnoline soup; polenta; fortaia; cheese; salami; copa — All commonly featured in the “typical table” served at local restaurants and festivals. An additional five were recognized as potential emblematic foods: bigoli; talharim (taiadelli/taiadei); gnocchi; minestra soup; and morcilha (codeguim), as they carry the memories and identity of the communities descended from immigrants. Finally, the identification of a BTGS in the region emerges as an effective strategy for linking gastronomic heritage with the promotion of sustainable tourism development, by recognizing the agri-food knowledge of Italian communities as their leading product and primary territorial asset. Keywords: territorial development; gastronomy; gastronomic tourism.
Analysis of the relationship between crime and the value per square meter of residential property in the city of Belo Horizonte
The disorderly expansion of cities increases regional inequalities and contributes to the rise of crime in large urban centers. In view of this, this study investigated the relationship between the average homicide and robbery rates per 100,000 inhabitants and the value per square meter of residential property in Belo Horizonte in the period 2017-2021, using hierarchical models with spatial lag. As a result, the Exploratory Analysis of Spatial Data (AEDE) indicated distinct patterns of agglomeration for crime rates between the regions of the municipality of Belo Horizonte. In addition, the econometric results revealed that properties located in regions with higher homicide rates have lower square meter values in their built-up areas. On the other hand, the opposite is true for theft and robbery rates, which show a positive relationship with the square meter value of the properties. Keywords: crime; regional inequalities; hedonic prices; spatial hierarchical model; Belo Horizonte.
The national program for strengthening family farming and the socioeconomic development of municipalities in Paraná: an analysis using Propensity Score Matching
This study evaluated the impact of the National Program for Strengthening Family Farming (PRONAF) on the socioeconomic development of municipalities in Paraná. To this end, the Propensity Score Matching method was applied, considering, for the year 2019, the municipalities that included the highest number of family farmers in PRONAF (treatment group) compared to those that included the fewest (control group), in order to investigate the effect of this inclusion on the Ipardes Municipal Development Index (IPDM — a proxy for socioeconomic development) and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (a proxy for economic growth). It is emphasized that the method used allows for causal inference, highlighting that the analyzed effect is not limited to the direct beneficiaries of PRONAF, but also considers the indirect impact on the overall development of the municipality. As a corollary, an initial analysis revealed a heterogeneous spatial distribution of Pronaf’s resources and projects among the municipalities of Paraná, with a decrease in such investments over time. Regarding the effects of the policy on socioeconomic development, a positive and statistically significant impact on both the IPDM and the GDP per capita of the analyzed municipalities was identified. Keywords: family farming; PRONAF; socioeconomic development; propensity score matching; Paraná municipalities.
Assessing urban sustainability through the water-energy-food nexus: the case of Curitiba – PR
In view of the growing global concern about water, energy, and food security, this study aims to propose an index capable of assessing in an integrated manner the interrelationships between these three sectors in the city of Curitiba, Paraná. To this end, 470 articles published between 2018 and 2023 were analyzed, from which the most relevant indicators related to the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus were extracted. The data were collected from official platforms such as IBGE, COPEL, INMET, and the City of Curitiba. The methodology adopted combines Commitment Programming with the Mahalanobis distance and Pareto thresholds, allowing a geometric and normalized analysis of urban sustainability. The construction of the index aims not only to quantify the current situation of the city, but also to highlight the critical points that compromise its autonomy. The results demonstrate that Curitiba has low sustainability in the three sectors, revealing a strong dependence on external resources for water, energy, and food supply. The conclusion indicates that, despite the recognition of sustainability, the municipality faces significant structural limitations, which compromise its functioning in the face of future crises. The proposed index appears to be a strategic tool to support integrated urban planning and the formulation of more efficient public policies. Keywords: nexus; WEF; indicator; sustainability.
Regional employment analysis of municipalities in the Center North of Brazil in the first decades of the 21st century
This paper presents the productive dynamics of the municipalities of the Centro-Norte of Brazil in the first decades of the 21st century. The Location Quotient (QL) was created and the values were compared with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of each municipality. For this purpose, secondary data were obtained from the Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE), in the Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS) database. It was observed that the municipalities that operate in the mining sector had higher GDP values, Parauapebas and Canaã dos Carajás, in Pará. Most municipalities in the Centro-Norte had high QL values for the public administration. The branch of activity with the greatest expression in is agriculture. Therefore, it is suggested that future studies be carried out in the North Center with the objective of identifying regional disparities more clearly and proposing more incisive public policies for residents, considering their role steakholders. Keywords: agricultural frontier; public policies; regional development; productive specialization.
Improvement of asymptotic methods in the unit-Lindley regression models: an application in economic growth data
Regression models are widely used in Economics, particularly when the data involved are rates and proportions. The Unit-Lindley regression model is defined for data restricted to the (0,1) range. In regular problems, inference based on asymptotic theory can be unreliable when the sample is small. This is the case of the maximum likelihood estimation and the Wald test. Corrections of biases in the maximum likelihood estimators and adjustments made in the test statistics are a widely used way to solve such problems. In this article, we obtain an expression to the correct the bias and a formula for the second-order covariance matrix for the maximum likelihood estimators in the Unit-Lindley regression model. Numerical evidence shows that the corrected estimators are less biased and that the Wald test based on second-order covariance is more accurate. Finally, an application to economic data is presented, in which the Growth Rate of Real GDP per capita is modeled as a function of openness in constant prices. Keywords: bias correction; modified Wald test; second-order covariance matrix. Unit-Lindley regression.
Tatiane Ferreira do Nascimento Melo da Silva
Population and socioeconomic development in municipalities with lithium exploration potential in the Jequitinhonha Valley, Minas Gerais
The article explores the socioeconomic development of municipalities in the Jequitinhonha Valley with potential for lithium exploitation, a strategic mineral for the global energy transition. This descriptive study examines the economic, demographic, social, environmental, and institutional aspects of the 14 municipalities participating in the “Vale do Lítio” project. The results revealed significant contrasts: while Teófilo Otoni shows greater economic dynamism, municipalities such as Rubelita and Itinga face high levels of social vulnerability, deficiencies in basic services, and accelerated population aging. The analysis of international experiences, especially those from the "lithium triangle," highlighted the importance of participatory governance models and integrated public policies. The study proposes guidelines structured around three pillars: diversified economic development, promotion of social well-being, and sustainable environmental management. It emphasizes that the success of lithium exploitation as a driver of regional development depends on a balanced approach that reconciles economic benefits, environmental sustainability, and social inclusion of local communities. Keywords: territorial governance, energy transition, regional inequalities, mining, development.
The new gas market in Brazil: challenges and opportunities for the “capixaba” economy
Since 2019, the liberalization process of the Brazilian natural gas industry has been accelerating. In 2021, substantiating the ongoing changes, Law 14,134, known as the “New Natural Gas Law,” was enacted. One of the main concerns of the “New Gas Law” was the harmonization of federal and state regulations. In this regard, the State of Espírito Santo has been standing out. The Petrobras divestment process, also initiated during this period, allowed the Espírito Santo government to create a natural gas distribution company whose concession contract complies with the changes introduced in federal regulation. Therefore, this article sought to analyze the impacts of changes in the regulatory framework of the natural gas industry on the economy of the State of Espírito Santo. The main conclusion is that the new regulatory framework defined by Law 14,134 is insufficient to unlock investments in the Espírito Santo natural gas industry. Keywords: regulation; liberalizing reforms; natural gas; transaction cost; investment.
The effects of COVID 19 on family agriculture markets in the municipality of Sarandi-RS
The objective of this study is to describe the integration of farmers into supply chains and the effects of Covid-19 on family farming markets in the municipality of Sarandi-RS. This is exploratory research, with a non-probabilistic and convenience sampling approach. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire administered to 24 farmers between May and June 2022. For analysis purposes, respondents were classified into three groups based on their integration into different supply chains: global chains, local chains, and hybrid chains combining global and local elements. Most respondents reside on their own property, employ both family and hired labor, and use both global and local supply chains to market their products. The findings indicate that the Covid-19 pandemic had a more severe impact on farmers engaged in local supply chains (e.g., selling at fairs and schools), preventing them from normally selling their products, which consequently led to a decline in production, commercialization, and income. Keywords: pandemic; diversification; production flow; agri-food systems.
Entrepreneurial ecosystem, networks and entrepreneurial culture: a theoretical essay
The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem [EE] approach suggests the contribution of various actors to venture creation. However, the way in which the interaction of actors occurs is still inconclusive. Articulating constructs derived from social networks and institutionalism, this theoretical essay formulates propositions that position entrepreneurial culture and social networks as key factors for the articulation of EEs. In the proposed model, entrepreneurial culture is represented by the main types of information transmitted by role models to potential entrepreneurs. Networked firms go through the entrepreneurial process in three phases: discovery of opportunities, securing resources, and gaining legitimacy; influencing a diverse ecosystem. It is argued that network-related EEs influenced by local culture allow for greater contextualization of entrepreneurial activity. Keywords: entrepreneurial ecosystems; networks. culture; institutions; local development.
The anthropocene and sustainable development: epistemic and legal implications
This research presents an analysis of the concept of Anthropocene, as a new terrestrial era. Furthermore, it analyzes the idea of sustainable development from this new global era, as well as reflecting on a viable conception of the Science of Law, alongside Natural Sciences, capable of facing this new and challenging planetary framework. The text presents three sections, which addresses the Anthropocene, epistemological and environmental issues, in relation to the meaning of sustainable development, as well as describing a legal perspective for a new ecology. As a conclusion, the thesis of a Law for nature is defended, capable of placing itself alongside natural sciences to, in dialogue with radical ecology movements, mediate the production of shared knowledge, with a view to reformulating the normative foundations of environmental law. Keywords: anthropocene; sustainable development; natural law; quantum law.