The incidence of prematures in women with gestational diabetes mellitus in a Maternity in North Catarinense

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pathology that begins during pregnancy, which brings changes in the maternal and fetal organism and metabolism, one of which is the premature induction of labor, with consequences for the mother and the newborn (NB). The objective was analyze the incidence of prematurity in babies of pregnant women with GDM in a maternity hospital in Northern Santa Catarina, between 2020 and 2021. In addition to characterizing newborns regarding gestational age (GA), admissions to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and their diagnoses. This is a retrospective research, by simple sampling, through data collection in medical records. Having as inclusion criteria pregnant women with GDM who had premature newborns, as well as preterm infants born to mothers with GDM. It was found that 2.5% of pregnant women attended had GDM, and the incidence of preterm birth was 31.5%. GA ranged from 33 weeks to 36 weeks + 5 days, and 60% of newborns were classified as having adequate weight for GA. Half of premature babies went to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), having as diagnoses: neonatal jaundice, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia. Therefore, the present study reveals that there is a relationship between GDM and prematurity, in line with the available scientific evidence. As for ICU admissions, it was possible to perceive that the most common diagnoses were related to the immaturity of the NB's systems. In addition to these factors, there was no death related to GDM. In this way, it reiterates the need for early diagnosis and screening of GDM, to prevent of possible negative consequences for the neonate.