Non-compliant weight-loss products in Brazil and their health impacts

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of obesity has driven the demand for affordable, low-cost treatments that promise rapid and effective results, fostering the widespread expansion of the marketing of weight-loss formulations promoted as natural, particularly on the internet. This study aimed to characterize irregular weight-loss products identified by the Brazilian regulatory authority, discussing their regulatory, pharmaceutical, and safety aspects. A descriptive study was conducted based on data from the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency, using quantitative and qualitative analyses complemented by searches in online sources. A total of 274 irregular products were identified between 2020 and 2025, predominantly herbal medicines and dietary supplements, whose names frequently included the terms slim, fit, or “chá” (tea). The analysis of ten selected products revealed formulations containing between 1 and 45 ingredients, totaling 60 distinct plant species within the subsample, in addition to inconsistencies in technical information and a predominance of unknown or unidentified companies. It was concluded that, although many of the declared ingredients may provide benefits when used appropriately and under professional supervision, it is essential to evaluate the composition, origin, and regulatory compliance of these products. Irregular weight-loss products of poor quality and with the potential to cause adverse effects pose significant risks to consumer health, highlighting the need for rational use and strengthened regulatory enforcement actions.

Key words: anti-obesity agents; patient harm; health surveillance.