Bacteriological evaluation of fruit pulp juices marketed in public squares of São Raimundo das Mangabeiras and Balsas, Maranhão, Brazil

Abstract

The consumption of fruit pulp-based juices has been increasing annually owing to their convenience of preparation and high nutrient content, which contribute to a healthy lifestyle. However, owing to inadequate handling, processing, and storage, pathogenic bacteria may proliferate and cause severe infections in consumers. Thus, the objective of this study was to conduct a bacteriological evaluation of juice samples from commercial establishments located in São Raimundo das Mangabeiras (SRM) and Balsas (BS), Maranhão. Two juice samples were collected from five randomly selected vending sites located in public squares in each municipality, yielding a total of 20 samples. Microbiological analyses were performed in the laboratory to detect and enumerate mesophilic bacteria, total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella. All samples exhibited growth of mesophilic bacteria, although at levels acceptable for human consumption. Approximately 86% of the samples presented total coliforms, and 100% presented thermotolerant coliforms; however, the levels remained within the limits established by current Brazilian legislation. Staphylococcus and Salmonella were not detected. Nevertheless, E. coli was identified in one sample of hog plum juice from SRM and in samples of cashew, pineapple, and cupuaçu from BS. Therefore, our data indicate that most of the evaluated juices are suitable for consumption; however, the detection of E. coli in some samples highlights the need for continuous monitoring and the implementation of good hygiene practices during the handling of these foods.

Key words: fruit pulp; Coliforms; Escherichia coli; pathogenic bacteria.